Nutrient dynamics in the Sylt-Rømø Bight ecosystem,German Wadden Sea: An ecological network analysis approach     

Dan Baird  Harald Asmus  Ragnhild Asmus 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus flow networks, consisting of 59 compartments, were constructed for the Sylt-Rømø Bight, a large shallow sea in the German Wadden Sea. These networks were analysed using ecological network analysis. Each network depicts the standing stock of each component in the ecosystem, and the flows between them. The trophic efficiency by which material is utilised in the Bight increase from 3%, to 6% to 17% for C, N and P, respectively. The number of cycles though which these elements pass increase from 1 197 for carbon, to 414?744 and 538?800 for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. The Finn Cycling Index, reflecting the amount of material recycled as a fraction of the total system activity, TST, increases from 17% for carbon, to 43% for nitrogen, to 81% for phosphorus. Other system level attributes such as the Average Path Length, the Average Internal Mutual Information, Relative Ascendancy, Relative and Normalized Redundancy, show an increase from the carbon to the nitrogen to the phosphorus networks. Phosphorus is tightly cycled over longer pathways than the other two elements, and also has the longest residence time in the Bight. Postulated differences between the behaviour of energy (or carbon) and biogeochemical networks in coastal ecosystems are evident from the results obtained from ecological network analysis.  相似文献   

Paradigmatic responses of marine benthic communities to different anthropogenic pressures, using M-AMBI, within the European Water Framework Directive   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Angel Borja  Iñigo Muxika  & José Germán Rodríguez 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(2):214-227

The use of AMBI and M-AMBI in benthic quality assessments, within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), has increased dramatically in recent years. M-AMBI is a multivariate tool, which incorporates AMBI, richness and Shannon diversity within the assessment. The response of this approach to different human pressures in coastal and estuarine waters has been investigated for the Basque Country (Northern Spain). In this contribution, several paradigmatic examples of these applications to different water bodies are presented. The time-series extend to samples collected between 1995 and 2007, showing the evolution of M-AMBI values under different pressures, i.e. urban and industrial discharges, dredging and disposal of sediments, and engineering works (such as land reclamation or marina construction), and, in addition, for illustrating the benthic quality recovery after positive actions have been undertaken, i.e. the removal of point-source discharges or water treatment programmes. In most cases, M-AMBI responds to these pressures as expected, with decreases in the ecological status immediately following the pressure. Conversely, when a pressure is removed, the recovery takes between 2 and 15 years, depending upon the intensity of the pressure and the characteristics of the water body. M-AMBI has been intercalibrated previously in coastal waters. After intercalibration in transitional waters, M-AMBI will be able to be used in the integrative quality assessment of European water bodies.  相似文献   

天津近岸典型区域生态环境变化趋势分析     

屠建波  张秋丰  胡延忠  石海明  江洪友  高文胜 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(2)

利用2003～2005年天津近岸典型区域(驴驹河附近海域)赤潮监控区和增养殖区的监测资料,对该海域生态环境变化趋势进行了分析.主要得出如下结论:(1)驴驹河区域海水水质状况正在迅速恶化,从1983～2005年,活性磷酸盐和无机氮增幅分别高达1737%和1976%,水质也由1983年的一类海水迅速恶化到2005年的劣四类海水;营养盐结构也发生了较大变化,由以前的还原性环境突变为近年来的氧化性环境.(2)驴驹河区域水体中营养盐N、P、Si比值已经失衡,正在由硅供应相对充足演变为硅供应不足和P相对不足.(3)水体中高含量活性磷酸盐与叶绿素a较高的相关性,一定程度上可以作为某些对活性磷酸盐比较依赖的藻类赤潮爆发的讯号.综合以上状况得出结论:驴驹河区域生态环境质量状况呈现迅速恶化的趋势.  相似文献   

GIS在中国旅游资源研究与应用中的现状及趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王英杰  张桐艳  李鹏  虞虎 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):751-759

随着现代信息技术的不断发展,GIS在旅游研究与应用愈来愈深入。目前,GIS已经广泛的应用到旅游资源研究中,尤其在旅游资源空间分类、评价、旅游规划、旅游资源管理、旅游开发利用等方面取得了较大的进展。首先,本文综述了近些年来GIS在旅游资源研究中的文献资料,研究发现GIS空间分析理论与方法在旅游资源研究与开发中的应用较为广泛,但在旅游资源认知、分类及评价等方面仍存在一些尚未解决的问题。其次,在总结前人和课题组研究成果的基础上,对旅游资源认知、分类与标准化理论进行了相关论述。通过梳理GIS建模技术与空间分析方法在旅游资源信息提取与分析、旅游资源评价、旅游资源开发规划等相关研究成果中发现,旅游资源研究方法已从定性描述走向定量模型,应用成果不断增多,涉及综合评价、空间结构优化、空间布局与选址、空间发展趋势预测、空间利用规划等方面。最后,提出了未来在旅游资源知识模型、旅游资源图谱、旅游资源多维仿真以及旅游资源大数据等方面的相关展望。  相似文献   

Assessment of diversity, distribution, conservation status and preparation of management plan for medicinal plants in the catchment area of parbati hydroelectric project stage — III in Northwestern Himalaya   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

S. S. Samant  Jitendra S. Butola  Aman Sharma 《山地科学学报》2007,4(1):034-056

The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himachal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects. The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss of biodiversity of the area. Stage III of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage II. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage II and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with Stage II. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees (23 spp.), shrubs (22 spp.), herbs (57 spp.) and ferns (2 spp.) were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution, classification, altitudinal zones, part (s) used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity. DDifferent parts of these species, such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes, nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 30 species are native to the Himalayan region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographic unit (sensu lato), the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armatum is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high value in the catchment area is suggested.  相似文献   

人地系统耦合框架下国土空间生态修复规划策略——以粤港澳大湾区为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

宫清华  张虹鸥  叶玉瑶  袁少雄 《地理研究》2020,39(9):2176-2188

在实施国土空间生态修复重大工程背景下,构建科学合理、面向区域发展与公众需求的规划策略是地理学和生态学等领域的研究热点。本文基于人地系统耦合框架,分析从生态修复规划到国土空间生态修复规划在规划思想、目标、性质、对象、路径等方面发生的转变。以人地矛盾突出的典型区域——粤港澳大湾区为案例,分析大湾区面临的突出问题和形势,从发展人地和谐的生态修复战略、整体保护生态空间、充分发挥生态要素综合功能、强化机制保障等方面,构建了问题识别-战略引导-整体布局和分区施策为主线的国土空间生态修复规划策略和思路,以延拓人地系统论,丰富规划理论和方法,为其他地区开展国土空间生态修复提供借鉴。  相似文献   

应急输水工程对塔里木河下游生态环境时空变化影响的遥感监测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牛宝茹 《地理信息世界》2008,6(6)

采用现代化高新技术对流域牛态环境进行动态监测,是流域规划和综合治理的重要依据.本文以塔里木河下游地区的三期遥感影像及基础背景数据为基础,基于遥感和GIS技术,通过分类体系划分、遥感解泽、生态模型构建,实现了塔里木河下游地区多源、多类型监测数据的定性、定量分析.分析结果表明:应急输水工程实施后,随着累计输水最的逐渐增加,塔里木河下游地区的中、高植被覆盖度而积也逐渐增加,非沙漠化和轻度沙漠化面积扩大,而中度沙漠化面积缩小,生态环境趋于好转.  相似文献   

The missing layer: Geo-technologies, communities, and implications for marine spatial planning   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

Kevin St. Martin  Madeleine Hall-Arber   《Marine Policy》2008,32(5):779

The assessment and management of marine resources is an increasingly spatial affair dependent upon emerging geo-technologies, such as geographic information systems, and the subsequent production of diverse layers of spatial information. These rapid developments are, however, focused on biophysical processes and data collection initiatives; the social landscape of the marine environment is undocumented and remains a “missing layer” in decision-making. As a result, the resource areas upon which stakeholders and communities are dependent are neither mapped nor integrated into planning processes. We report on a participatory method to map the presence of fishing communities at-sea. The lessons learned concerning the spatial representation of communities informs not only fisheries, but other sectors struggling to incorporate similarly the human dimensions of the marine environment in assessment and planning.  相似文献   

Harnessing scientific and local knowledge to face climate change in small-scale fisheries     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Small-scale fisheries in developing regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change, but the assessment of climate-induced changes and impacts are often hampered by the data poor-situation of these social-ecological systems. Based on 40 years of scientific and local ecological knowledge, we provide a coherent narrative about the effects of a marine hotspot of climate change on a small-scale fishery across different geographical and temporal scales. We applied a mixed-methods approach to assess biophysical changes, social-ecological impacts, and the incremental spectrum of actions implemented at multiple levels to increase the adaptive capacity of a small-scale clam fishery. The warming hotspot here analyzed was the fastest-warming region in the South Atlantic Ocean. Long-term changes in wind intensity and direction were also noticeable at a regional scale. Both sea surface temperature and winds showed a clear shifting pattern in the late 1990 s. These climate-related stressors determined ecosystem and targeted population changes (e.g. clam mass mortalities, slow stock recovery rates after ecological shocks, habitat narrowing), and favored harmful algal bloom-forming organisms. Climate-induced drivers also affected the human component of the social-ecological system, preventing fishers from securing a fulltime livelihood and limiting the fishery economic potential. Adaptive responses at multiple levels provided some capacity to address climate change effects, and transformative pathways are being taken to adapt to climate-induced changes over the long-term. Transformative changes were fostered by the local perception of environmental change, shared narratives, sustained scientific monitoring programs, and the interaction between knowledge systems, facilitated by a bridging organization within a broader process of governance transformation. The combination of autonomous adaptations (based on linking social capital and fishery leaders agency) and government-led adaptations were essential to face the challenges imposed by climate change. Our results serve as a learning platform to anticipate threats and envision solutions to a wide range of small-scale fisheries in fast-warming regions worldwide.  相似文献   

基于地貌分区的陕西省区域生态风险时空演变   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘迪  陈海  耿甜伟  张行  史琴琴 《地理科学进展》2020,39(2):243-254

论文采用“概率—损失”二维风险模型解构陕西省区域生态风险,基于地貌分区视角识别多源风险类型的同时以景观格局与生态系统服务价值为关联要素合成潜在生态损失,在此基础上分析了陕西省2000—2015年单一风险要素及区域生态风险的时空分异,并基于地貌分区视角结合重心模型探讨了生态风险的时空迁移。结果如下：① 2000、2015年陕西省多源危险度分别为0.3837、0.4558,上升18.79%,大致呈现南北高、中间低的空间格局,沿南北轴线呈现“W型”展布;潜在生态损失分别为0.5537、0.6270,上升13.24%,除高原南部与秦岭东部山区外,生态损失均呈现高值;区域生态风险分别为0.2429、0.2865,上升17.95%,空间上呈现“三高夹两低”的分布格局。② 从时序变化来看,秦巴山地保持较低风险且风险变化率较小;黄土高原与风沙过渡区变化率处于中等,后者面临较高风险;汉江盆地风险最高,该区域与关中平原分别为风险变化率的首位与次位。从生态风险重心变化趋势看,黄土高原与风沙过渡区重心均向西南移动,关中平原与秦岭山地重心东移趋势明显,汉江盆地与大巴山地重心跃向东南。  相似文献